Ancient Greek

Ch 3 - Polytonic Greek

προφήτης

interpreter

ποδές

feet

αύ

αύ = αύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

τύραννος

tyrant

θεός

god

εὖ

well

ῥητορική

the field of speechmaking

ὁ = “ho”

rough breathing

γραµµή

line

ποιητής

maker

creater

ἀρχαῖος

ancient

γράµµα

letter (of the alphabet)

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος → δείκνυσιν ἄνθρωπος

Moveable Nu

ψυχή

soul

γυµνάσιον

a place for exercising

οἶκος

home (hint: οι is later pronounced ē)

ο

ο -> ό

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

κατάλογος

enrollment register

ἀθλητής

competitor for a prize

ῥινόκερως

horn-nosed

παραβολή

comparison

parable

εὐαγγέλιον

(reward for) good news

ἀστέροι

stars

µαθηµατικά

mathematics

ἄτοµος

uncut

άὰ

άὰ = ᾶ

Circumflex

ἀναρχία

a place or time with no ruler

ψυχή

soul

ἄλλος

other

ἐγώ

I

ζῷον

living thing

ὑπόθεσις

foundation

principle

plan

Breathing Mark on Capital

always to the left of the letter

βροντή

thunder

η = εε

εέ = ή

Long vowel

two beats

διάβολος

deceiver

υί

υί = υί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ω = οο

οό = ώ

Long vowel

two beats

ἁρµονία

joint

agreement

κόσµος

order

οἱ

οἱ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

κλῖµαξ

ladder

εί

εί = εί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

βοτάνη

grass

καρδία

heart

οί

οί = οί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ῠ -> ύ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

όὺ

όὺ = οῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

γένεσις

birth

ὀκτώ

eight

µαρτυρία

testimony

δόγµα

opinion

decree

ἱστορία

research

µανία

madness

φιλοσοφία

love of wisdom

δέκα

ten

στέγος

roof

γόνυ

knee

κρίσις

judgment

χάρισµα

grace

gift

παλίνδροµος

running backward

βίος

life

εἴκοσι εἶσι

εἴκοσι εἶσι. → εἴκοσιν εἶσιν.

Moveable Nu

εἰρήνη

peace

αί

αί = αί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

φωσφόρος

bringing light

ἀµνηστία

forgetting

τέχνη

skill

ῥαψῳδία

recitation

µηχανικός

engineer

εύ

εύ = εύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ύὶ

ύὶ = υῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ἄγγελος

messenger

γεωµετρία

measuring the earth

ὦ µέγα

big “o”

σοφία

wisdom

ἕξ

six

παιδίον

little child

ῑ = ιι

ιί = ί

Long vowel

two beats

κρατήρ

mixing bowl

ὀ = “o”

smooth breathing

ἑπτά

seven

ύὺ

ύὺ = ῦ

Circumflex

ἀπάτη

deception

οἰκονοµία

household management

δεῖνος

awesome

χρόνος

time

βαρύς

weight

ῡ = υυ

υύ = ύ

Long vowel

two beats

δώδεκα

twelve

ε

ε -> έ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

σαῦρος

lizard

σπέρµα

seed

άὶ

άὶ = αῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

χαρακτήρ

mark

ζωή

life

έὲ

έὲ = ῆ

Circumflex

ίὶ

ίὶ = ῖ

Circumflex

κύκλος

circle

ᾰ -> ά

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

έὺ

έὺ = εῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ἱπποπόταµος

river horse

µῦθος

story

ἰατρικά

healing

medical

δύω

two

µυστήριον

secret

φωνή

voice

εἰ

εἰ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

όὶ

όὶ = οῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ᾱ = αα

αά = ά

Long vowel

two beats

ἀποκάλυψις

uncovering

revelation

πολιτικά

politics

δαίµων

divinity

demon

έὶ

έὶ = εῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

γραφή

writing

drawing

ὂ µικρόν

small “o”

ού

ού = ού

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ῐ -> ί

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

όὸ

όὸ = ῶ

Circumflex

σκελετόν

dried out

κύριος

master

Lord

Grave Accent

Grave Accent

only found on

ultima of a word

τιμή → τιμὴ δέ

accent inverted

πέντε

five

άὺ

άὺ = αῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ἄρωµα

spice

δίπλωµα

paper folded in half