Ancient Greek

Ch 3 - Polytonic Greek

όὺ

όὺ = οῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ε

ε -> έ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

ο

ο -> ό

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

δεῖνος

awesome

ἄλλος

other

ἱπποπόταµος

river horse

ύὺ

ύὺ = ῦ

Circumflex

οἰκονοµία

household management

ἰατρικά

healing

medical

κύκλος

circle

µαθηµατικά

mathematics

βοτάνη

grass

γυµνάσιον

a place for exercising

φωνή

voice

δόγµα

opinion

decree

η = εε

εέ = ή

Long vowel

two beats

υί

υί = υί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

γένεσις

birth

στέγος

roof

χρόνος

time

άὰ

άὰ = ᾶ

Circumflex

κρατήρ

mixing bowl

ἀθλητής

competitor for a prize

φωσφόρος

bringing light

βροντή

thunder

ᾱ = αα

αά = ά

Long vowel

two beats

ίὶ

ίὶ = ῖ

Circumflex

ἀπάτη

deception

ἄτοµος

uncut

γράµµα

letter (of the alphabet)

δαίµων

divinity

demon

ῥαψῳδία

recitation

φιλοσοφία

love of wisdom

όὸ

όὸ = ῶ

Circumflex

ἄγγελος

messenger

αί

αί = αί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

κόσµος

order

παλίνδροµος

running backward

χάρισµα

grace

gift

διάβολος

deceiver

ὂ µικρόν

small “o”

πολιτικά

politics

οί

οί = οί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ἄρωµα

spice

γεωµετρία

measuring the earth

σαῦρος

lizard

ᾰ -> ά

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

ἀµνηστία

forgetting

κατάλογος

enrollment register

τέχνη

skill

δέκα

ten

πέντε

five

δύω

two

παραβολή

comparison

parable

δώδεκα

twelve

κλῖµαξ

ladder

εὐαγγέλιον

(reward for) good news

ού

ού = ού

Dipthong

Acute Accent

µῦθος

story

ἀναρχία

a place or time with no ruler

αύ

αύ = αύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

όὶ

όὶ = οῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ζωή

life

ῥινόκερως

horn-nosed

ῠ -> ύ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

κρίσις

judgment

καρδία

heart

έὺ

έὺ = εῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

τύραννος

tyrant

εἰρήνη

peace

ἁρµονία

joint

agreement

κύριος

master

Lord

µανία

madness

γραφή

writing

drawing

ῐ -> ί

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

ἱστορία

research

γόνυ

knee

χαρακτήρ

mark

ποιητής

maker

creater

οἱ

οἱ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

θεός

god

εί

εί = εί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ἐγώ

I

Breathing Mark on Capital

always to the left of the letter

σοφία

wisdom

έὶ

έὶ = εῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ω = οο

οό = ώ

Long vowel

two beats

εύ

εύ = εύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ἀρχαῖος

ancient

έὲ

έὲ = ῆ

Circumflex

ψυχή

soul

ύὶ

ύὶ = υῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ζῷον

living thing

ὀκτώ

eight

βαρύς

weight

ψυχή

soul

ἀποκάλυψις

uncovering

revelation

ῥητορική

the field of speechmaking

ὁ = “ho”

rough breathing

σπέρµα

seed

ἕξ

six

µηχανικός

engineer

ῑ = ιι

ιί = ί

Long vowel

two beats

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος → δείκνυσιν ἄνθρωπος

Moveable Nu

βίος

life

προφήτης

interpreter

σκελετόν

dried out

εὖ

well

µαρτυρία

testimony

ἀστέροι

stars

ὑπόθεσις

foundation

principle

plan

Grave Accent

Grave Accent

only found on

ultima of a word

τιμή → τιμὴ δέ

accent inverted

εἴκοσι εἶσι

εἴκοσι εἶσι. → εἴκοσιν εἶσιν.

Moveable Nu

εἰ

εἰ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

οἶκος

home (hint: οι is later pronounced ē)

γραµµή

line

µυστήριον

secret

ἑπτά

seven

παιδίον

little child

ὀ = “o”

smooth breathing

ὦ µέγα

big “o”

άὺ

άὺ = αῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

άὶ

άὶ = αῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ποδές

feet

δίπλωµα

paper folded in half

ῡ = υυ

υύ = ύ

Long vowel

two beats