Ancient Greek

Ch 3 - Polytonic Greek

ζωή

life

ύὺ

ύὺ = ῦ

Circumflex

ποιητής

maker

creater

έὶ

έὶ = εῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

γόνυ

knee

βαρύς

weight

κλῖµαξ

ladder

βροντή

thunder

δύω

two

ὦ µέγα

big “o”

έὲ

έὲ = ῆ

Circumflex

άὺ

άὺ = αῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

σκελετόν

dried out

προφήτης

interpreter

ὀ = “o”

smooth breathing

δώδεκα

twelve

άὰ

άὰ = ᾶ

Circumflex

κύριος

master

Lord

µυστήριον

secret

ἄτοµος

uncut

οἶκος

home (hint: οι is later pronounced ē)

ού

ού = ού

Dipthong

Acute Accent

κύκλος

circle

η = εε

εέ = ή

Long vowel

two beats

εὖ

well

καρδία

heart

δίπλωµα

paper folded in half

στέγος

roof

γραφή

writing

drawing

Grave Accent

Grave Accent

only found on

ultima of a word

τιμή → τιμὴ δέ

accent inverted

ἱστορία

research

ἕξ

six

χάρισµα

grace

gift

ῠ -> ύ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

παραβολή

comparison

parable

ύὶ

ύὶ = υῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

έὺ

έὺ = εῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

εἰρήνη

peace

κόσµος

order

εὐαγγέλιον

(reward for) good news

γραµµή

line

πολιτικά

politics

οἱ

οἱ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

ψυχή

soul

κατάλογος

enrollment register

ίὶ

ίὶ = ῖ

Circumflex

παλίνδροµος

running backward

σπέρµα

seed

ζῷον

living thing

φωνή

voice

γράµµα

letter (of the alphabet)

ε

ε -> έ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

διάβολος

deceiver

εί

εί = εί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ῥαψῳδία

recitation

ῥητορική

the field of speechmaking

αί

αί = αί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ἑπτά

seven

ὁ = “ho”

rough breathing

πέντε

five

τύραννος

tyrant

µῦθος

story

ποδές

feet

χαρακτήρ

mark

ἀθλητής

competitor for a prize

ἀµνηστία

forgetting

εύ

εύ = εύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ἀπάτη

deception

µαθηµατικά

mathematics

κρατήρ

mixing bowl

ο

ο -> ό

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

σοφία

wisdom

ἐγώ

I

φιλοσοφία

love of wisdom

ἀρχαῖος

ancient

ᾱ = αα

αά = ά

Long vowel

two beats

εἴκοσι εἶσι

εἴκοσι εἶσι. → εἴκοσιν εἶσιν.

Moveable Nu

οἰκονοµία

household management

ἄλλος

other

ἄγγελος

messenger

ἱπποπόταµος

river horse

όὸ

όὸ = ῶ

Circumflex

δεῖνος

awesome

ᾰ -> ά

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

αύ

αύ = αύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ψυχή

soul

υί

υί = υί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

σαῦρος

lizard

ὂ µικρόν

small “o”

φωσφόρος

bringing light

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος → δείκνυσιν ἄνθρωπος

Moveable Nu

όὺ

όὺ = οῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ω = οο

οό = ώ

Long vowel

two beats

όὶ

όὶ = οῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

τέχνη

skill

γυµνάσιον

a place for exercising

ἁρµονία

joint

agreement

γένεσις

birth

βοτάνη

grass

χρόνος

time

ῥινόκερως

horn-nosed

γεωµετρία

measuring the earth

άὶ

άὶ = αῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

µηχανικός

engineer

δέκα

ten

παιδίον

little child

ῡ = υυ

υύ = ύ

Long vowel

two beats

ἀποκάλυψις

uncovering

revelation

ὑπόθεσις

foundation

principle

plan

θεός

god

µανία

madness

ἰατρικά

healing

medical

ἄρωµα

spice

δαίµων

divinity

demon

κρίσις

judgment

ὀκτώ

eight

ἀστέροι

stars

εἰ

εἰ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

ἀναρχία

a place or time with no ruler

βίος

life

δόγµα

opinion

decree

Breathing Mark on Capital

always to the left of the letter

ῐ -> ί

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

µαρτυρία

testimony

οί

οί = οί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ῑ = ιι

ιί = ί

Long vowel

two beats