Ancient Greek

Ch 3 - Polytonic Greek

βροντή

thunder

γόνυ

knee

κύκλος

circle

άὰ

άὰ = ᾶ

Circumflex

ἄτοµος

uncut

ύὶ

ύὶ = υῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

προφήτης

interpreter

πέντε

five

σαῦρος

lizard

ού

ού = ού

Dipthong

Acute Accent

µηχανικός

engineer

ἄρωµα

spice

οἰκονοµία

household management

ἀπάτη

deception

θεός

god

δίπλωµα

paper folded in half

Breathing Mark on Capital

always to the left of the letter

ἄλλος

other

βοτάνη

grass

ζῷον

living thing

ῥαψῳδία

recitation

Grave Accent

Grave Accent

only found on

ultima of a word

τιμή → τιμὴ δέ

accent inverted

ἑπτά

seven

ποιητής

maker

creater

όὺ

όὺ = οῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

φωσφόρος

bringing light

τύραννος

tyrant

πολιτικά

politics

η = εε

εέ = ή

Long vowel

two beats

παραβολή

comparison

parable

ἱπποπόταµος

river horse

άὺ

άὺ = αῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

σπέρµα

seed

εὐαγγέλιον

(reward for) good news

έὺ

έὺ = εῦ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ῑ = ιι

ιί = ί

Long vowel

two beats

µαρτυρία

testimony

ῡ = υυ

υύ = ύ

Long vowel

two beats

τέχνη

skill

ύὺ

ύὺ = ῦ

Circumflex

ἁρµονία

joint

agreement

ψυχή

soul

ζωή

life

ἕξ

six

µυστήριον

secret

µῦθος

story

ὀκτώ

eight

παιδίον

little child

βαρύς

weight

στέγος

roof

υί

υί = υί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

ἀναρχία

a place or time with no ruler

ἄγγελος

messenger

κρατήρ

mixing bowl

παλίνδροµος

running backward

ἀστέροι

stars

ἀρχαῖος

ancient

αί

αί = αί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

εύ

εύ = εύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

εί

εί = εί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

εὖ

well

χάρισµα

grace

gift

ᾰ -> ά

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

καρδία

heart

κλῖµαξ

ladder

σκελετόν

dried out

ὀ = “o”

smooth breathing

ὂ µικρόν

small “o”

ὑπόθεσις

foundation

principle

plan

ἱστορία

research

φωνή

voice

οἱ

οἱ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

ᾱ = αα

αά = ά

Long vowel

two beats

εἰρήνη

peace

κατάλογος

enrollment register

οἶκος

home (hint: οι is later pronounced ē)

ο

ο -> ό

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

εἴκοσι εἶσι

εἴκοσι εἶσι. → εἴκοσιν εἶσιν.

Moveable Nu

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος

δείκνυσι ἄνθρωπος → δείκνυσιν ἄνθρωπος

Moveable Nu

οί

οί = οί

Dipthong

Acute Accent

όὶ

όὶ = οῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

γραµµή

line

όὸ

όὸ = ῶ

Circumflex

γυµνάσιον

a place for exercising

χρόνος

time

κόσµος

order

κρίσις

judgment

γεωµετρία

measuring the earth

ῥητορική

the field of speechmaking

δύω

two

φιλοσοφία

love of wisdom

ῠ -> ύ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

µανία

madness

δέκα

ten

ἀθλητής

competitor for a prize

γένεσις

birth

αύ

αύ = αύ

Dipthong

Acute Accent

έὲ

έὲ = ῆ

Circumflex

βίος

life

εἰ

εἰ

Breathing mark on dipthong

always on second vowel

γράµµα

letter (of the alphabet)

διάβολος

deceiver

άὶ

άὶ = αῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ψυχή

soul

έὶ

έὶ = εῖ

Dipthong

Circumflex

two beats

ῐ -> ί

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

δαίµων

divinity

demon

σοφία

wisdom

µαθηµατικά

mathematics

δώδεκα

twelve

ἐγώ

I

ὦ µέγα

big “o”

δεῖνος

awesome

χαρακτήρ

mark

κύριος

master

Lord

ἰατρικά

healing

medical

ε

ε -> έ

Short vowel always

receives acute accent

ἀποκάλυψις

uncovering

revelation

ίὶ

ίὶ = ῖ

Circumflex

γραφή

writing

drawing

ἀµνηστία

forgetting

δόγµα

opinion

decree

ποδές

feet

ω = οο

οό = ώ

Long vowel

two beats

ῥινόκερως

horn-nosed

ὁ = “ho”

rough breathing